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Defence Notes
Why the NORAD inventory might be the US and Canada’s Achilles’ heel
4th November 2025
Both the US and Canada operate Cold War-era capabilities which cannot defeat today’s and tomorrow’s threats.
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Land Warfare
Four issues the armoured vehicle industry needs to tackle
18th June 2024
As evident at Eurosatory 2024, the procurement of armoured vehicles is progressing, but some projects have stalled or been abandoned due to the fluid geopolitical and conflict landscape. Buyers, manufacturers and operators have been reassessing their needs, desires and capabilities amid tightening budgets and escalating demands.
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Naval Warfare
From surface to seabed: Fincantieri takes on a new challenge
25th September 2025
Underwater is emerging as the global geopolitical domain, a crossroads between new needs and technological acceleration. While 80% of the sea floor and 98% of the abyssal seabed remain unexplored (Mars' and Jupiter's surfaces are better known than our oceans), human well-being relies on underwater assets and resources.
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Air Warfare
DSEI 2025: GCAP Electronics Evolution emerges as new consortium for 6th-gen programme
10th September 2025
The consortium, known as G2E, is formed of four leading national defence electronics companies: Mitsubishi for Japan, Leonardo UK for the UK and both Leonardo and ELT Group for Italy.
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Air Warfare
Boeing prepared to go fast on CxR uncrewed tiltrotor concept
3rd November 2025
The Collaborative Transformational Rotorcraft is designed with the potential to meet a range of mission requirements, from reconnaissance, surveillance and target acquisition to contested logistics.
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Air Warfare
Boeing’s F-47 expected to fly by 2028, says USAF Chief of Staff
23rd September 2025
The sixth-generation aircraft was previously targeted to fly during President Trump’s administration, with this date the first insight into the US Air Force’s plans to field the aircraft.
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Land Warfare
"The next industrial revolution": Pearson Engineering embraces autonomy and robotics
1st September 2025
In Conversation: Shephard’s Gerrard Cowan talks to Pearson Engineering group chief executive officer Ian Bell about how the company is turning to new technologies to provide critical protection and mobility for troops on the front line.
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Air Warfare
“Balance” to be struck between KC-46As and NGAS programme, says USAF chief of staff nominee
13th October 2025
Gen Kenneth Wilsbach responded to questions about the US Air Force’s ongoing modernisation plans during his nomination hearing, emphasising the need for the current and future aerial refuelling platforms.
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Air Warfare
DSEI 2025: Saab unveils new CUAS missile solution to defeat UAS swarms
28th August 2025
The Nimbrix missile has been developed and tested over the last year and is Saab’s latest cost-effective answer to help armed forces counteract escalating numbers of uncrewed aerial threats on the battlefield.
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Naval Warfare
AUKUS update: Australian sovereignty is “paramount” as Trump declares “full steam ahead”
22nd October 2025
AUKUS has been under the spotlight this week as US President Donald Trump and Australian Prime Minister Anthony Albanese had their first face-to-face meeting.
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Air Warfare
GA-ASI takes step towards developing European YFQ-42A Collaborative Combat Aircraft
21st July 2025
The US company will work with its European affiliate company, General Atomics Aerotec Systems (GA-ATS) to support manufacture the YFQ-42A.
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Air Warfare
Lockheed nets $43 million US Army contract for Black Hawk modernisation
22nd August 2025
The initial funds will focus on the foundational capabilities to modernise the attack helicopter, including digital architecture that will allow for launched effects and UAS integration.
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Land Warfare
JLTV A2 cleared for first export as AM General awaits US Army plans
12th August 2025
The AM General’s Joint Light Tactical Vehicle (JLTV) A2 is in low-rate initial production (LRIP) as testing of first vehicles continues. Canada is set to become the first export customer and the likely order will mark an important step for the company as it awaits the outcome of the US Army Transformation Initiative (ATI) which has argued for cuts to JLTV.
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Air Warfare
L3Harris and ELT Group to establish multi-sensor test facility
24th July 2025
The facility, based in Italy, is the first of its kind outside the US and will be used to support the G550 aircraft modifications alongside other air, surface and maritime platforms.
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Defence Notes
Resilience, adaptiveness and collaboration vital for success in space (Studio)
5th November 2025
Speakers at the Defence In Space Conference (DISC) 2025 highlighted the critical and evolving role of space in national security, defence and the global economy.
Programme Results - Defence Insight
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Fighter - multirole
J-10 [Pakistan]
Programme Background A video clip released by the Pakistan Air Force (PAF) disclosed that a deal to acquire the J-10 from China was signed on 25 ...
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APCs/IFVs - tracked
CV90 [Czech Republic]
Programme Background The Czech Republic has been working on modernising its mechanised units at least since 2017, when the country launched its "Tracked IFV" programme ...
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Military UAS - fixed-wing, Military UAS - MALE
MALE Combat Drones [Thailand]
Programme Background Roadmap In February 2024, the RTAF unveiled its White Paper 2024. Incorporating lessons from the Russo-Ukrainian War, the Israel-Hamas War, and other events ...
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Military UAS - fixed-wing, Military UAS - MALE
Anka-S (Second Batch) [Turkey]
Programme Background First Batch Based on comments by Turkish Aerospace Industries (TAI) and Turkish media in 2018, Shephard believes that Türkiye acquired 26 Anka-S drones ...
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Main battle tanks
Viatura Blindada de Combate-Carro de Combate (VBC-CC) [Brazil]
Programme Background Several key technical requirements have been outlined by the Brazilian MoD. Among the most important are that the platform should weigh less than ...
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APCs/IFVs - 8x8
Boxer (MIV) [UK]
Programme Background History The UK MoD announced in March 2018 that it would re-join the Boxer programme and pursue a sole-source acquisition of the 8x8 ...
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Loitering munitions
Medium Range Precision Strike (MRPS) [UK]
Programme Background Prior Information Notice (PIN) On 21 October 2024, the MoD published a PIN in collaboration with the Defence Equipment and Support (DE&S;). The notice ...
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Military helicopters - transport/heavy lift
NH90 Special Forces [France]
Programme Background In French service, advanced H225M Caracals with aerial refuelling capabilities are used by SOF units of the French Air Force (FAF) and French ...
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Military UAS - fixed-wing, Military UAS - MALE
MQ-9A Reaper [Spain]
Programme Background First Contract The US State Department approved a Foreign Military Sale (FMS) of MQ-9 Block 5 aircraft and associated parts, equipment, and logistical ...
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MPVs - 4x4
JLTV [Slovenia - 2nd Batch]
Programme Background Slovenia began its procurement of Oshkosh Defence's JLTV 4x4 armoured vehicle in 2018, although a US government FMS contract was not signed until ...
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Loitering munitions
Echelon 1: Ground Organic Precision Strike Systems (GOPSS) [USSOCOM]
Programme Background Requirements The US Special Operations Command (USSOCOM) has made loitering capabilities a priority in its efforts to support counter-violent extremist organization (C-VEO) operations ...
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LRSS
Programme Background The LRSS programme will meet the Canadian Army's need for a long-range on-the-move digital surveillance system mounted on the LAV 6.0 8x8 armoured ...
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Light attack, Trainer
L-39NG Senegal
The aircraft will feature five hard-points, two external fuel tanks with 350 lt capacity, Mk 81 and Mk 82 bombs, guided and unguided rockets, single ...
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Military helicopters - maritime
MH-60R Seahawk (Saudi Arabia)
The sale is aimed at improving Saudi Arabia’s capability to meet current and future threats from enemy weapon systems, provide the capability to identify, engage ...
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Loitering munitions
Echelon 2: Ground Organic Precision Strike Systems (GOPSS) [USSOCOM]
Programme Background Requirements The U.S. Special Operations Command (USSOCOM) has made loitering capabilities a priority in its efforts to support counter-violent extremist organization (C-VEO) operations and ...
Equipment Results - Defence Insight
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Weapon sights for night use (thermal imaging)
CRATOS
The Clip-On Ruggedized Advanced Thermal Optical Sight (CRATOS) is a miniaturised all-in-one thermal weapon sight designed for handheld, clip-on or stand-alone use.
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Weapon sights for night use (thermal imaging)
HuntIR Mk 2
The HuntIR Mk 2 thermal weapon and reconnaissance sight is designed for clip-on use on mid- and long-range small arms. The standalone weapon sight has ...
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Weapon sights for night use (thermal imaging)
XACT th family
The XACT thermal weapon sight product family includes: the XACT th64 short/medium-range weapon-mounted or handheld sight; the XACT th65 clip-on marksman sight; and the XACT ...
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Weapon sights for night use (thermal imaging)
CNVD-T
The Clip-On Night Vision Device-Thermal (CNVD-T) is a handheld or weapon-mounted thermal sight based on the military SU-232/PAS.
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Weapon sights for night use (thermal imaging)
UTCx
The UTCx (Universal Thermal Clip-on) sight is a universal thermal clip-on to existing weapon sights, currently fielded by the US military and supporting long-range sniper ...
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Weapon sights for night use (thermal imaging)
AN/PAS-13G(V)1 LWTS
The AN/PAS-13G(V)1 Light Weapon Thermal Sight (LWTS) is a handheld or weapon-mounted thermal sight. The TI capability of the LWTS allows for longwave infrared observation ...
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Weapon sights for night use (thermal imaging)
TISI-M
Designed for assault and sharpshooter rifles, SMGs and machine guns, the TISI-M is a lightweight uncooled thermal day and night weapon sight which can be ...
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Weapon sights for night use (thermal imaging)
AN/PVS-30
The AN/PVS-30 is a long-range thermal clip-on sniper night sight. The sight is able to extend the range of engagement by up to 1,000m and ...
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Weapon sights for night use (thermal imaging)
Lily-L
The Lily-L clip-on thermal sight for long-range sniper weapons can be mounted on a Picatinny rail in front of a day scope. It is designed for ...
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Weapon sights for night use (image intensifiers)
MilSight S135 MUNS
The MilSight S135 Magnum Universal Night Sight (MUNS) AN/PVS-27 is a high-resolution clip-on weapon sight that mounts forward of an existing scope, adding NV capabilities ...
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Weapon sights for night use (thermal imaging)
ThermoSight HISS-XLR
The HISS extended long-range (XLR) clip-on thermal weapon sight allows snipers to detect and recognise man-sized targets at up to 2,000m, offering a 25% increase ...
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Weapon sights for night use (thermal imaging)
MUNSTI
The MUNSTI uncooled thermal imaging clip-on sight is compact and lightweight, designed for use in front of a day optical sight. It is suitable for ...
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Individual grenade launchers
UBGL
The single-shot 40mm Under-Barrel Grenade Launcher (UBGL) can be attached to most modern assault weapons using a MIL-STD-1913 Picatinny rail system. The breech is swung ...
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Sniper rifles
Dan.338
IWI launched the Dan.338, the first of a new family of bolt-action sniper rifles, at the Eurosatory 2014 exhibition. Chambered for .338 Lapua Mag ammunition, ...
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Weapon sights for night use (thermal imaging)
TVC 60
The TVC 60 is a clip-on thermal weapon sight designed to be used in conjunction with a magnified day optic. The shooter relies on the ...