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Land Warfare
Romania opens the chequebook and reorganises as it watches Russian aggression
22nd November 2024
Romania is retiring old systems, some Soviet, and replacing them with western equipment from countries such as Sweden and Turkey and boosting existing modern fleets.
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Naval Warfare
Keel laid for Royal Navy’s next-generation nuclear submarine
25th March 2025
HMS Dreadnought will be the first of the four Dreadnought class nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarines (SSBNs) scheduled to enter service in the early 2030s. Following its keel-laying ceremony last week, Shephard takes a deeper dive into the class which will eventually replace the Royal Navy's long-standing Vanguard class of boats.
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Land Warfare
IDEX 2025: Aselsan introduces new air-burst round with C-UAS mission in mind
20th February 2025
Aselsan revealed at IDEX 2025 that it has been developing a 25mm calibre air-bursting munition known as ATOM 25.
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Naval Warfare
India commissions three new vessels
15th January 2025
The new vessels, Nilgiri, Surat and Vagsheer, will be deployed to protect vital trade routes in the Indian Ocean.
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Naval Warfare
Saab signs modernisation deal for Sweden’s coastal anti-ship missile capability
24th December 2024
Sweden’s Baltic coastal defence will be upgraded with new missile options.
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Naval Warfare
Indigenous Iranian Fateh-class submarine fires Valfajr torpedoes in exercise
24th February 2025
The successful launch of the air-propelled torpedoes is seen as a significant step forward in Iranian submarine readiness.
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Land Warfare
Leopard MBT: Alpha beast gets a reboot (updated 2025)
6th March 2025
Leopard MBTs are German-made main battle tanks that have been in service since the Cold War and have undergone several upgrades to remain competitive in modern warfare. This article traces the history and development of the Leopard 1 and 2, its variants, its operational service and its future prospects.
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Air Warfare
Israel to equip F-16I fleet with Elbit self-protection upgrade
27th January 2025
The $80-million contract for the development and installation of the Advanced Self-Protection Suite on the F-16I further boosts Israeli Air Forces’ (IAF's) fleet survivability.
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Land Warfare
IDEX 2025: EOS to fire R500 remote weapon station for potential customers this year
20th February 2025
The R500, the latest remote weapon station (RWS) designed by EOS, was unveiled at IDEX 2025 in Abu Dhabi. It joins the smaller R400 and Slinger, as well as the large R600 and R800 systems, in the company’s portfolio.
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Naval Warfare
NAVDEX 2025: First of UAE Navy’s four Falaj-3 OPVs commissioned
21st February 2025
The vessels were first discussed a full ten years before the commissioning ceremony, and three more are due within the next three years.
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Air Warfare
Italy orders up to 24 Eurofighter Typhoon jets
30th December 2024
The Tranche 4 deliveries will be expected to continue until 2030.
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Defence Notes
Ireland begins work on buying fighter jets and doubling the naval fleet
3rd March 2025
Since the release of Ireland’s Commission on the Defence Forces (CoDF) report two years ago there have been whisperings about the potential of Ireland buying fighter jets, one of the most ambitious recommendations. The prospect has now inched closer.
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Naval Warfare
Kongsberg awarded $960 million missile contract
13th November 2024
The contract could rise to as much as US$1.1 billion and follows an announcement last month that Kongsberg was building a missile production facility in the US to meet burgeoning global demand.
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Naval Warfare
EU SEACURE programme seeks autonomous solutions to evolving underwater threats
13th March 2025
The EU and leading defence firms are collaborating on improving autonomous seabed warfare capabilities.
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Naval Warfare
Exercise Freezing Winds brings navies together to ease Finland into NATO
6th December 2024
The nine-day exercise off the Finnish coast was intended to boost interoperability in challenging weather conditions.
Programme Results - Defence Insight
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Fighter - multirole
MiG-35 (Russia)
The MiG-35 is a new-generation derivative of the twin-engine MiG-29 (NATO code-name ‘Fulcrum’) featuring multi-role combat capabilities, significantly reworked airframe and a vastly expanded arsenal ...
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Naval: Combat Management Systems
Naval: Combat Management Systems | Multirole Underwater Seabed Surveillance Ship (MU3S) [Italy]
In June 2024, during a presentation provided at the NATO Maritime Security Centre of Excellence (MARSEC COE), the Italian Navy detailed the new capabilities it ...
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Naval: shipboard communication systems
Naval: shipboard communication systems | Multirole Underwater Seabed Surveillance Ship (MU3S) [Italy]
In June 2024, during a presentation provided at the NATO Maritime Security Centre of Excellence (MARSEC COE), the Italian Navy detailed the new capabilities it ...
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Naval: Combat Management Systems
Naval: Combat Management Systems | SIGINT Vessel Procurement [Spain]
The Spanish Navy urges the replacement of the intelligence gathering ship Alerta, which has been in service since 1992. In April 2025, Spain released its upgraded ...
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Naval: shipboard communication systems
Naval: shipboard communication systems | SIGINT Vessel Procurement [Spain]
The Spanish Navy urges the replacement of the intelligence gathering ship Alerta, which has been in service since 1992. In April 2025, Spain released its upgraded ...
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Military UAS - rotary-wing, Military UAS - small
Jump 20 [Denmark]
Background 2020 Tender In January 2018, Denmark's three main political parties signed the Danish Defence Agreement, a cross-party defence white paper covering the period between ...
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Sealift/replenishment vessels
Joint Maritime Multi-Mission System (J3MS)/SIGINT Ship (2) [Italy]
Programme Background Requirements Since 2002, the Italian Navy has operated the SIGINT ship Elettra. The vessel, which is expected to remain in service until the ...
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AEW&C
Alliance Future Surveillance and Control (1-6) [NATO]
Programme Background NATO’s E-3A AWACS fleet is set to retire in 2035, after 50 years of service. To plan for the required follow-on capability, NATO's ...
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Sealift/replenishment vessels
Multirole Underwater Seabed Surveillance Ship (MU3S) [Italy]
Programme Background Requirements According to the presentation provided by the Italian Navy, the MultiroleUnderwater Seabed Surveillance Ship (MU3S) will:operate a wide range of uncrewed systems, ...
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Sealift/replenishment vessels
SIGINT Vessel Procurement [Spain]
Programme Background Requirements The Spanish Navy urges the replacement of the intelligence gathering ship Alerta, which has been in service since 1992. Prior to that, ...
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Air: Radio and SATCOM
Air: Radio and SATCOM | Alliance Future Surveillance and Control (1-6) [NATO]
NATO is estimated to procure up to 18 AEW aircraft under the Alliance Future Surveillance and Control (AFSC) programme to replace the current E-3 Sentry fleet when ...
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Data links
Data links | Alliance Future Surveillance and Control (1-6) [NATO]
NATO is estimated to procure up to 18 AEW aircraft under the Alliance Future Surveillance and Control (AFSC) programme to replace the current E-3 Sentry fleet when ...
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Air: Head-up displays
Air: Head-up displays | Alliance Future Surveillance and Control (1-6) [NATO]
NATO is estimated to procure up to 18 AEW aircraft under the Alliance Future Surveillance and Control (AFSC) programme to replace the current E-3 Sentry fleet when ...
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Transponders and IFF
Transponders and IFF | Alliance Future Surveillance and Control (1-6) [NATO]
NATO is estimated to procure up to 18 AEW aircraft under the Alliance Future Surveillance and Control (AFSC) programme to replace the current E-3 Sentry fleet when ...
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Military UAS - small
Puma 2 AE [Germany]
Programme Background The Germany navy had an urgent requirement for three UAS required for reconnaissance and identification in maritime operations. A platform was required that ...
Equipment Results - Defence Insight
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Unguided Medium Calibre Ammunition
MK244 Armour Piercing Discarding Sabot (APDS) Enhanced Lethality Cartridge (ELC)
MK244 Armour Piercing Discarding Sabot (APDS) Enhanced Lethality Cartridge (ELC) is a 20mm medium calibre round manufactured by General Dynamics Ordnance and Tactical Systems.
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Anti-ship missiles, Surface-to-surface missiles
3M-54 Kalibr
The 3M-54 Kalibr, or Klub (NATO reporting name: SS-N-27 'Sizzler'), is a Russian surface ship and submarine-launched anti-ship and land-attack cruise missile.
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Light machine guns
LSAT LMG
Textron Systems Unmanned Systems is developing and maturing a Lightweight Small Arms Technologies (LSAT) family of weapons and ammunition with the US Army that fires ...
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Unguided Medium Calibre Ammunition
MK149 Armor-Piercing Discarding Sabot
The MK149 Armor-Piercing Discarding Sabot (APDS) is a 20mm medium calibre round manufactured by General Dynamics Ordnance and Tactical Systems.
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Air-to-surface missiles, Anti-ship missiles
Kh-31
The Kh-31 (NATO reporting name AS-17 Krypton) is a Russian anti-ship missile that is known for its anti-radiation (Kh-31P) and anti-ship (Kh-31A) versions.
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Unguided Tank Ammunition
105mm M490 Target Practice - Tracer
The 105mm M490 Target Practice - Tracer is a tank training round manufactured by General Dynamics Ordnance and Tactical Systems.
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Naval: COMINT and ELINT systems
Flat Track
The Flat Track (NATO reporting name) is a barrage and deception radar jamming system that is able to counter anti-ship missiles.
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Assault rifles/carbines/shotguns
6.5mm CT Carbine
The 6.5mm Cased Telescoped (CT) Carbine is a closed-bolt, forward-feed, gas piston-operated weapon being developed as part of the US Army's Lightweight Small Arms Technology ...
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Unguided Artillery Ammunition
105mm HE HB ER G3
The 105mm High Explosive (HE HB) extended range (ER) G3 ammunition round, manufactured by KNDS, is a part of the 105mm NATO standard shell family. ...
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Major networking projects
NATO SATCOM
Leonardo has been awarded a turnkey contract to rationalise and upgrade NATO’s SATCOM systems and associated infrastructure. The company will design, build, test, commission and ...
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Major networking projects
NATO DCIS
Airbus is delivering the NATO Deployable Communication and Information System (DCIS). The project represents a major upgrade in the capability of NATO Response Forces (NRF) ...
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Land: RWS
Qimek NATO
Rheinmetall's RWS family includes the Qimek single-weapon RWS and the Nanuk dual-weapon RWS. The Qimek NATO combines full stabilisation, long-range day/night all-weather sights and a ...
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Land: RWS
Nanuk NATO
Rheinmetall's RWS family includes the Qimek single-weapon RWS and the Nanuk dual-weapon RWS, which was introduced in 2008. The Nanuk NATO combines full stabilisation, long-range ...
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Unguided Medium Calibre Ammunition
20MM PGU-28 A/B Semi-Armor Piercing High Explosive Incendiary (SAPHEI)
The 20MM PGU-28 A/B Semi-Armor Piercing High Explosive Incendiary (SAPHEI) is a medium-calibre round manufactured by General Dynamics Ordnance and Tactical Systems.
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Unguided Tank Ammunition
M724A2 Target Practice Discarding Sabot-Tracer
The M724A2 Target Practice Discarding Sabot-Tracer is a 105mm training tank round manufactured by General Dynamics Ordnance and Tactical Systems. The US Army procured the 1,623 rounds ...
