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Land Warfare
Extra punch to be added to THeMIS UGV as production set to increase
29th January 2025
Milrem Robotics is looking to improve the lethality of its Tracked Hybrid Modular Infantry System (THeMIS) uncrewed ground vehicle (UGV), ramp up production and add an integration with uncrewed aerial vehicles (UAVs).
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Land Warfare
What do Russia or Ukraine need to win the war?
28th February 2025
Shephard looks at both the doctrine and equipment perspective and considers what both countries would require in order to ensure victory.
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Land Warfare
US Army orders TOW missiles from Raytheon under contracts totalling $676 million
23rd October 2024
The order from the US Army is made of two contracts with some of the weapon systems potentially destined for Ukraine and other set to resupply US stocks of missiles sent to Ukraine.
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Land Warfare
US Army Sentinel A4 radar will be integrated into DC region defence architecture in 2025
25th October 2024
Lockheed Martin confirmed that the service would also conduct integration tests with the IBCS and IFPC next year.
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Land Warfare
Oshkosh Defense continues work on Stryker weapon system fixes
22nd October 2024
Oshkosh Defense has faced a series of delays due to trial issues with just 100 of 269 contracted Stryker Medium Calibre Weapon Systems having been delivered to the US Army so far.
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Land Warfare
Czech Army set for more upgraded Leopards as part of an equipment swap with Ukraine
11th December 2024
The Czech Army is in the process of converting their 73rd Armoured Battalion from Soviet to German main battle tanks (MBTs).
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Land Warfare
Switzerland selects AGM 155mm artillery system
11th November 2024
The Swiss Army has selected the KNDS 155mm/52 Artillery Gun Module on the Piranha IV (10x10) to replace its aging M109 howitzers.
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Land Warfare
IDEX 2025: Shifting sands – the Middle East’s defence landscape in flux (video)
13th February 2025
As Western influence wanes, Middle Eastern countries are leveraging defence modernisation to assert regional dominance, while global players such as China and Turkey seize new market opportunities. Sam Hart, Senior Land Analyst at Shephard Group, offers insights into how these developments are reshaping the region’s defence landscape.
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Air Warfare
Enhancing education: How CAE is embracing new technology to boost military training
12th June 2025
In Conversation... Shephard's Gerrard Cowan talks to CAE's Marc-Olivier Sabourin about how the training and simulation industry can help militaries achieve essential levels of readiness by leveraging new technology, innovative procurement methods and a truly collaborative approach.
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Air Warfare
Data Link Solutions awarded a deal worth up to $1 billion for tactical radio systems
12th December 2024
The deal announced on 11 December was an indefinite delivery, indefinite quantity (ID/IQ) contract and the first task order of $116 million has already been awarded to provide terminals and spares, with follow-on production awards expected.
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Air Warfare
Air Warfare Review 2024: Budget cuts and delays fail to dampen modernisation efforts in 2024
10th December 2024
From major platform upgrades, high-value contract wins and programme delays, Shephard reported on a mixed year for air warfare in 2024, as geopolitical tensions rose across Europe and the Middle East.
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Land Warfare
Sweden and Denmark sign for $2.5 billion of BAE Systems’ CV90 combat vehicles
6th December 2024
Denmark is buying 115 CV9035 MkIIICs and Sweden 50 with the agreement also including further vehicles for Ukraine financed by the two governments.
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Land Warfare
Australian tank delivery schedule moved earlier
8th November 2024
Australia has ordered 75 ex-US Army M1A1 Abrams main battle tanks (MBTs) upgraded to the M1A2 System Enhancement Package version 3 standard (SEPv3) to expand and replace its existing fleet of 59 M1A1 tanks.
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Land Warfare
US Army makes moves on new artillery system to plug M109 gap
17th October 2024
Contracts have been awarded for the Self-Propelled Howitzer Performance Demonstration programme as the US Army attempts to address issues related to its 155mm field artillery capacity.
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Land Warfare
Europe “must provide the overwhelming share” of future defence aid to Ukraine, says US Secretary of Defence
14th February 2025
Pete Hegseth stated that Europe “must provide the overwhelming share of future lethal and nonlethal aid to Ukraine”.
Programme Results - Defence Insight
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Fighter - multirole
J-10 [China]
Programme Background The aircraft performed its maiden flight in 1998 and entered service with the People's Liberation Army Air Force (PLAAF) in 2004. According to ...
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Air: Radio and SATCOM
Air: Radio and SATCOM | Future Naval Fighter China
China is planning to deploy stealth naval fighter aircraft with vertical take-off landing capabilities to operate from Peoples Liberation Army Navy (PLAN)'s future Type 075A class ...
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Data links
Data links | Future Naval Fighter China
China is planning to deploy stealth naval fighter aircraft with vertical take-off landing capabilities to operate from Peoples Liberation Army Navy (PLAN)'s future Type 075A class ...
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Air: Helmet-mounted displays
Air: Helmet-mounted displays | Future Naval Fighter China
China is planning to deploy stealth naval fighter aircraft with vertical take-off landing capabilities to operate from Peoples Liberation Army Navy (PLAN)'s future Type 075A class ...
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Air: Head-up displays
Air: Head-up displays | Future Naval Fighter China
China is planning to deploy stealth naval fighter aircraft with vertical take-off landing capabilities to operate from Peoples Liberation Army Navy (PLAN)'s future Type 075A class ...
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Transponders and IFF
Transponders and IFF | Future Naval Fighter China
China is planning to deploy stealth naval fighter aircraft with vertical take-off landing capabilities to operate from Peoples Liberation Army Navy (PLAN)'s future Type 075A class ...
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Corvettes
Jiangdao Class (Type 056)
Programme Background The Type 056 corvette is referred to by the Chinese as the new-generation light guided-missile frigates. They have been built for the People's Liberation ...
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Naval: Combat Management Systems
Naval: Combat Management Systems | S26T (2-3) [Thailand]
The Royal Thai Navy were in the process of acquiring up to three new submarines derived from the People's Liberation Army Navy (PLAN) Yuan-class (Type ...
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Naval: shipboard communication systems
Naval: shipboard communication systems | S26T (2-3) [Thailand]
The Royal Thai Navy were in the process of acquiring up to three new submarines derived from the People's Liberation Army Navy (PLAN) Yuan-class (Type ...
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Fast attack/patrol craft and interceptors
Rapid Minelayers Procurement (1-4) [Taiwan]
Development and Procurement Four new rapid minelayers are being built for the Taiwanese Navy in a bid to counter the Chinese People's Liberation Army Navy ...
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Fast attack/patrol craft and interceptors
Rapid Minelayers Procurement (5-10) [Taiwan]
Programme Background Requirements The revelation of a Chinese bridge-barge landing system for amphibious operations, designed for a Taiwan invasion, has underscored the need for Taipei ...
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MPVs - 4x4
Kalyani M4 (India)
Programme Background In the wake of border clashes with the Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) in 2020, the Indian Army has accelerated several of its ...
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Military helicopters - multirole
UH-60M Black Hawk [Taiwan]
Programme Background The Black Hawks are intended to defend against potential threats from China’s People’s Liberation Army (PLA), as they possess rapid response capability in ...
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Frigates
Jiangkai II Class (Type 054A)
Built by Hudong-Zhonghua shipyard and Huangpu shipyards the frigates were first seen being constructed from 2005. The class is referred to as the workhorses of China's ...
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APCs/IFVs - tracked
VP1/Type 89 (Nigeria)
Programme Background The Nigerian Army has an ongoing need for new armoured vehicles to replace losses incurred in its conflict with extremist organisations operating within ...
Equipment Results - Defence Insight
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AEW&C, Transport
Y-8
The Y-8 (Yunshuji-8) medium-sized transport and multirole aircraft was developed by Shaanxi Aircraft Corporation and is based on the Soviet Antonov An-12. More than 36 ...
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Military helicopters - transport/heavy lift
Z-8
Developed by Changhe Aircraft Industry Group, the Z-8 (known also as Z-18) is a derivative of the AC313 civil helicopter, which is itself a copy of ...
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Submachine guns
CS/LS2
Norinco’s CS/LS2 is a 9mm bullpup SMG designed for use with a suppressor. It has been in service with the People's Liberation Army since about ...
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Fighter - multirole
J-8
The J-8 (NATO reporting name Finback) is a multirole fighter domestically developed by China. It has design similarities with Soviet MiG-21 and Su-15 aircraft. The ...
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Air: COMINT and ELINT systems
KZ-800
China National Electronics Import and Export’s (CEIEC) KZ-800 is an airborne Electronic Intelligence (ELINT) gathering system believed to be in widespread use onboard People’s Liberation ...
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Armoured engineer vehicles
Type GCZ110
Norinco announced in 2014 that it had completed development of the Type GCZ110 armoured engineer vehicle based on a modified Type 79 tank chassis equipped ...
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Main battle tanks
VT2
The 125mm-armed VT2 tracked MBT, which was unveiled at DSA 2012, is the export version of the People's Liberation Army Type 96A. As of early ...
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Fighter - ground attack
J-16
The J-16 is a multirole fighter developed by China. It is based on the J-11 air superiority fighter, itself a licence-built version of the Russian ...
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EO/IR systems
Loong Eye LE380
The Loong Eye (Dragon's Eye) LE380 is a two-axis stabilised gimbal incorporating EO/IR sensors, laser designators, and laser rangefinders. Originally developed by the Luoyang Opto-Electro ...
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Military UAS - fixed-wing, Military UAS - small
Sky Saker FX400A
The Sky Saker FX400A is a fixed-wing drone manufactured by Norinco. Capable of hosting both ISR and attack payloads, such as the Blue Arrow 7 ...
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Air-to-air missiles, Surface-to-air missiles
TY-90
TY-90 is a multi-purpose, short-range, IR-guided, tactical surface-to-air missile developed by China to defend against helicopters, fixed-wing aircraft and cruise missiles at low and super-low ...
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Medium/general-purpose machine guns
Type 80
The Type 80 is a general-purpose machine gun (GPMG) manufactured by Norinco in China, based on the Soviet PKM. Certified in 1980, it entered PLA ...
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Air-launched ASW torpedoes, Ship-launched torpedoes
Yu-11 lightweight torpedo
Yu-11 is a Chinese-made surface and air-launched lightweight torpedo to repel submarine threats from long distances.
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Light tanks
Type 62
The Type 62 light tank entered production for the Chinese People's Liberation Army in 1963. Essentially a smaller, lighter clone of the Type 59 MBT, it is ...
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APCs/IFVs - 6x6
CTL-181
Produced by Dongfeng Motor Corporation, the CTL-181 is a 6x6 armoured tactical vehicle designed for the People's Liberation Army (PLA). The PLA uses the CTL-181 ...