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Naval Warfare
US Pentagon claims to have severely damaged Iranian capabilities, promises to increase attacks
4th March 2026
US military authorities claim to have sunk 20 Iranian vessels and destroyed Tehran’s Air Force, with the Pentagon making plans to send additional assets to the region.
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Defence Notes
UK releases security strategy and plans for future defence spending boost
24th June 2025
The UK’s National Security Strategy brings together the recently released Strategic Defence Review (SDR), Strategic Security Review, AUKUS Review and Industrial and Trade Strategies. At the same time, the UK made a commitment to reach defence spending of 5% of GDP by 2035 and Germany committed to 3.5% by 2029.
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Air Warfare
Airbus to position Eurofighter Typhoon for Portugal’s F-16 replacement requirement
28th October 2025
The MoU with AED Cluster Portugal will see the two organisations work together on studies to create a pitch to replace the country’s current F-16 fleet.
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Air Warfare
Can UK interceptor efforts keep pace with the rising drone threat?
15th April 2026
The recent acquisition announcement for Cambridge Aerospace’s Skyhammer solution is a key step in the UK’s efforts to bolster its counter-UAS capabilities, but more still needs to be done to tackle even smaller drone threats.
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Land Warfare
Light tanks for Slovakia – cost-effective alternative or false economy?
26th September 2025
Slovakia is currently considering replacing its Soviet era main battle tanks (MBTs) with lighter alternatives. However, the lower cost of these platforms may prove to be a false economy if they cannot compete with true MBTs.
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Land Warfare
German rearmament – three potential scenarios
5th September 2025
With the possibility of a massive increase in German defence spending on the horizon, Shephard analyses what such a boost could mean for the Bundeswehr’s procurement of new armoured vehicles.
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Air Warfare
Lockheed plans further solid rocket motor investment in Europe and Middle East
27th November 2025
The company has worked to heavily invest in its solid rocket motor production capabilities, both in the US and internationally, to build a strong supply chain to meet growing demand.
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Naval Warfare
Singapore christens first Victory-class multi-role combat vessel
21st October 2025
The new mothership’s modular design ensures it meets the navy’s needs for future situations in both war and peace.
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Air Warfare
Dubai Airshow 2025: Airbus reveals progress on drone mothership plans for A400M
18th November 2025
Airbus is working to expand the mission capabilities of its A400M aircraft, including a 40t payload increase, to boost Europe’s defence capabilities.
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Naval Warfare
Which countries could the US rely on to progress with its shipbuilding programmes?
3rd September 2025
The US Navy and US Coast Guard (USCG) are in critical need of support to build icebreakers, surface vessels and submarines.
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Naval Warfare
Zumwalt-class hypersonic missile plan progresses with demonstration set for 2027
11th August 2025
The US Navy’s Zumwalt-class destroyer is a stealth ship originally designed to consist of a fleet of 32 but has been cut back to three. Conceived for a land-attack role, it is now being fitted with a hypersonic missile capability.
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Naval Warfare
Raytheon will develop an advanced naval sensing and targeting system for DARPA
3rd February 2026
RTX’s solution for DARPA’s Pulling Guard programme is intended to provide advanced maritime defence technologies to protect platforms against uncrewed surface vehicles and other threats.
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Air Warfare
Spain earmarks $1.6 billion for Hurjet trainer aircraft acquisition
1st July 2025
Spain’s Defence Minister told the Senate Defense Commission on 27 June of the decision to acquire Turkish Aerospace Industries’ (TAI) trainers as the country seeks to replace its Northrop F-5M aircraft.
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Air Warfare
Dubai Airshow 2025: GA-ASI’s MQ-9B racks up new milestones with AEW demo planned
20th November 2025
The company announced its demonstration timeline while confirming the MQ-9B had completed the platform’s third lifetime test.
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Land Warfare
Textron unveils a smaller, low-cost variant of the Ripsaw family of UGVs
29th April 2026
Ripsaw M1 has been designed to support the US Marine Corps’ littoral missions by carrying diverse types of payloads and performing multiple missions. Shephard spoke with Textron to find out more.
Programme Results - Defence Insight
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Fighter - multirole
MiG-35 (Russia)
The MiG-35 is a new-generation derivative of the twin-engine MiG-29 (NATO code-name ‘Fulcrum’) featuring multi-role combat capabilities, significantly reworked airframe and a vastly expanded arsenal ...
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Naval: Combat Management Systems
Naval: Combat Management Systems | Multirole Underwater Seabed Surveillance Ship (MU3S) [Italy]
In June 2024, during a presentation provided at the NATO Maritime Security Centre of Excellence (MARSEC COE), the Italian Navy detailed the new capabilities it ...
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Naval: shipboard communication systems
Naval: shipboard communication systems | Multirole Underwater Seabed Surveillance Ship (MU3S) [Italy]
In June 2024, during a presentation provided at the NATO Maritime Security Centre of Excellence (MARSEC COE), the Italian Navy detailed the new capabilities it ...
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Naval: Combat Management Systems
Naval: Combat Management Systems | SIGINT Vessel Procurement [Spain]
The Spanish Navy urges the replacement of the intelligence gathering ship Alerta, which has been in service since 1992. In April 2025, Spain released its upgraded ...
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Naval: shipboard communication systems
Naval: shipboard communication systems | SIGINT Vessel Procurement [Spain]
The Spanish Navy urges the replacement of the intelligence gathering ship Alerta, which has been in service since 1992. In April 2025, Spain released its upgraded ...
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Military UAS - rotary-wing, Military UAS - small
Jump 20 [Denmark]
Background 2020 Tender In January 2018, Denmark's three main political parties signed the Danish Defence Agreement, a cross-party defence white paper covering the period between ...
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Sealift/replenishment vessels
Joint Maritime Multi-Mission System (J3MS)/SIGINT Ship (2) [Italy]
Programme Background Requirements Since 2002, the Italian Navy has operated the SIGINT ship Elettra. The vessel, which is expected to remain in service until the ...
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AEW&C
Alliance Future Surveillance and Control (1-6) [NATO]
Programme Background NATO’s E-3A AWACS fleet is set to retire in 2035, after 50 years of service. To plan for the required follow-on capability, NATO's ...
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Sealift/replenishment vessels
SIGINT Vessel Procurement [Spain]
Programme Background Requirements The Spanish Navy urges the replacement of the intelligence gathering ship Alerta, which has been in service since 1992. Prior to that, ...
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Sealift/replenishment vessels
Multirole Underwater Seabed Surveillance Ship (MU3S) [Italy]
Programme Background Requirements According to the presentation provided by the Italian Navy, the MultiroleUnderwater Seabed Surveillance Ship (MU3S) will:operate a wide range of uncrewed systems, ...
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Air: Radio and SATCOM
Air: Radio and SATCOM | Alliance Future Surveillance and Control (1-6) [NATO]
NATO is estimated to procure up to 18 AEW aircraft under the Alliance Future Surveillance and Control (AFSC) programme to replace the current E-3 Sentry fleet when ...
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Data links
Data links | Alliance Future Surveillance and Control (1-6) [NATO]
NATO is estimated to procure up to 18 AEW aircraft under the Alliance Future Surveillance and Control (AFSC) programme to replace the current E-3 Sentry fleet when ...
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Air: Head-up displays
Air: Head-up displays | Alliance Future Surveillance and Control (1-6) [NATO]
NATO is estimated to procure up to 18 AEW aircraft under the Alliance Future Surveillance and Control (AFSC) programme to replace the current E-3 Sentry fleet when ...
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Transponders and IFF
Transponders and IFF | Alliance Future Surveillance and Control (1-6) [NATO]
NATO is estimated to procure up to 18 AEW aircraft under the Alliance Future Surveillance and Control (AFSC) programme to replace the current E-3 Sentry fleet when ...
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Military UAS - small
Puma 2 AE [Germany]
Programme Background The Germany navy had an urgent requirement for three UAS required for reconnaissance and identification in maritime operations. A platform was required that ...
Equipment Results - Defence Insight
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Unguided Medium Calibre Ammunition
MK244 Armour Piercing Discarding Sabot (APDS) Enhanced Lethality Cartridge (ELC)
MK244 Armour Piercing Discarding Sabot (APDS) Enhanced Lethality Cartridge (ELC) is a 20mm medium calibre round manufactured by General Dynamics Ordnance and Tactical Systems.
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Anti-ship missiles, Surface-to-surface missiles
3M-54 Kalibr
The 3M-54 Kalibr, or Klub (NATO reporting name: SS-N-27 'Sizzler'), is a Russian surface ship and submarine-launched anti-ship and land-attack cruise missile.
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Light machine guns
LSAT LMG
Textron Systems Unmanned Systems is developing and maturing a Lightweight Small Arms Technologies (LSAT) family of weapons and ammunition with the US Army that fires ...
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Unguided Medium Calibre Ammunition
MK149 Armor-Piercing Discarding Sabot
The MK149 Armor-Piercing Discarding Sabot (APDS) is a 20mm medium calibre round manufactured by General Dynamics Ordnance and Tactical Systems.
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Air-to-surface missiles, Anti-ship missiles
Kh-31
The Kh-31 (NATO reporting name AS-17 Krypton) is a Russian anti-ship missile that is known for its anti-radiation (Kh-31P) and anti-ship (Kh-31A) versions.
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Unguided Tank Ammunition
105mm M490 Target Practice - Tracer
The 105mm M490 Target Practice - Tracer is a tank training round manufactured by General Dynamics Ordnance and Tactical Systems.
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Naval: COMINT and ELINT systems
Flat Track
The Flat Track (NATO reporting name) is a barrage and deception radar jamming system that is able to counter anti-ship missiles.
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Assault rifles/carbines/shotguns
6.5mm CT Carbine
The 6.5mm Cased Telescoped (CT) Carbine is a closed-bolt, forward-feed, gas piston-operated weapon being developed as part of the US Army's Lightweight Small Arms Technology ...
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Unguided Artillery Ammunition
105mm HE HB ER G3
The 105mm High Explosive (HE HB) extended range (ER) G3 ammunition round, manufactured by KNDS, is a part of the 105mm NATO standard shell family. ...
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Major networking projects
NATO SATCOM
Leonardo has been awarded a turnkey contract to rationalise and upgrade NATO’s SATCOM systems and associated infrastructure. The company will design, build, test, commission and ...
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Major networking projects
NATO DCIS
Airbus is delivering the NATO Deployable Communication and Information System (DCIS). The project represents a major upgrade in the capability of NATO Response Forces (NRF) ...
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Land: RWS
Qimek NATO
Rheinmetall's RWS family includes the Qimek single-weapon RWS and the Nanuk dual-weapon RWS. The Qimek NATO combines full stabilisation, long-range day/night all-weather sights and a ...
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Land: RWS
Nanuk NATO
Rheinmetall's RWS family includes the Qimek single-weapon RWS and the Nanuk dual-weapon RWS, which was introduced in 2008. The Nanuk NATO combines full stabilisation, long-range ...
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Unguided Medium Calibre Ammunition
20MM PGU-28 A/B Semi-Armor Piercing High Explosive Incendiary (SAPHEI)
The 20MM PGU-28 A/B Semi-Armor Piercing High Explosive Incendiary (SAPHEI) is a medium-calibre round manufactured by General Dynamics Ordnance and Tactical Systems.
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Unguided Tank Ammunition
M724A2 Target Practice Discarding Sabot-Tracer
The M724A2 Target Practice Discarding Sabot-Tracer is a 105mm training tank round manufactured by General Dynamics Ordnance and Tactical Systems. The US Army procured the 1,623 rounds ...
